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know about IP addressing

2008-02-22T08:31:23Z

Know about IP Addressing .. [Next]

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As implied by its name, the IP (Internet Protocol) address is the mean to address someone over the internet.

When you browse the web, you type an address that contains letters, numbers and some signs.

The address is then translated to an IP address by a protocol named DNS (Domain Name Service) which is out of the scope of this tutorial.

Every computer connected to the internet has a different IP address

An IP addresses is actually a 32-bit numeric value.

Usually, for convenience, it is presented in DECIMAL DOT NOTATION:

4 octets (bytes) separated by dots.

As each number is represented by an octet (8 bits), its values ranging 0 - 255

Each physical network has its own unique network address, in which every host (computer router bridge) has its own unique ID, hence, each host has its own unique address.

Routers or gateways can have one or more addresses

(according to the number of possible links they can maintain)

An IP address is therefore a combination of network and host identifications.

Microsoft Dos and Command prompt

2008-02-20T13:34:48Z

MS-DOS COMMANDS

* See our our complete overview page for a brief description on each of the below commands.

How to become a hacker

2008-02-19T06:46:48Z

hello frinds ,

im sharing some of the hacking tips that i found which may be useful to u guys

This is a complimation of computer tricks, mainly security and privacy related.

By: the@womble.co.uk

Getting Ip's:--

To see the ip all computers you are connected to (web servers, people attempting to hack into your computer).

Go to dos (start>run>type command) and run the netstat command. Type netstat /? for details.

Type netstat -r at the command prompt to see the ip of all computers you are connected to

In MSN (and other programs) when you are chatting to someone everything you type goes through the MSN servers first (they act as a proxy) so you see their ip rather than who you are chatting to. You can get round this by sending them a file as MSN doesn't send file through its proxy.

When you type the netstat -r (or -a for a different view) the ip's are under the foreign address table. The ports are seperated by a : . Different programs use different ports, so you can work out which ip's are from which program.

Connecting to other computers and what ports are:--

Servers send information. Clients retrieve. Simple.

Windows comes with a built in program to connect to other computers called telnet.

To start Windows telnet Start menu> Run> type Telnet. Click connect> remote system

Ports are doors into computers. Hosts are computer names

(ip number or a name that is translated into the ip automatically)

Different programs open different ports, but they always open the same ports so other computers know which port to connect to. You can get a port list listing all the different ports, but a basic one is:

11 :- Sends info on the computer

21 :- FTP (File transfer program)

23 :- Telnet (Login to the computers command line)

25 :- Smtp (Sends mail)

80 :- Http (Web pages)

There are thousands of different programs using different ports. You can get programs called portscanners which check a computer for all ports up to a certain number, looking for ways in. You can portscan a computer looking for ways-in.

Anyway, back to telnet.

Type www.yahoo.com as the host and port as 80 the click connect.

If nothing happens, you're in. Wow. You are connected to Yahoo's server.

You can now type http commands (you are connected to an http server, so it supports http commands). Ie. on an ftp server you can type open and it will do something. On an http server it will just wonder what the hell you are on about.

Type get / http/1.0 then press enter twice to get the file on the server at / (try /index.html) etc.)

Allowing dos and regedit in a restricted Windows

See http://blacksun.box.sk/tutorials/format.php3?file=windows.html for some very cool tactics.

A very simple tactic I found after accidentally locking myself out of dos and regedit is to open notepad and type the following:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesWinOldApp]

"Disabled"=dword:0

[HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionPoliciesSystem]

"DisableRegistryTools"=dword:0

Save it as something.reg then run it. Simple.

Making undeletable, unreadable folders

Tested on Windows 95/98

By holding down alt, then typing numbers on the number pad (right of the keyboard) you can create special characters. If you hold down alt, then press 1, then let go, you got the ascii character 1. You try some randomn numbers. This goes all the way up to 255. Open a dos prompt, and type md (alt+1+9+4)someword. md is the dos command to make a directoy, now try and open the directory in Windows, you can't. To open it, type ren (alt+1+9+4)someword someword (ren is the dos command to rename)

Proxies

Proxies are computers that you connect through, hiding your computer. Most aren't anonymous, they give away your ip. Some are. Good anonymous proxies: mail.uraltelecom.ru:8080 and 194.247.87.4:8080.

Different programs require different ways of using proxies. To do it in internet explorer 5 go to tools, internet options, connections, settings. In the above proxies they are in the format host:port

Password files

If you lock yourself out of Windows stuff, all passwords are stored in files called *.pwl in C:windows. Download showpass.zip from hereto view all passwords stored. Or rename the files to .bak to delete passwords.

In Unix, passwords are normally stored at etc/passwd. This can be viewed using the cat command (prints a file to screen): cat etc/passwd. Make sure you're passwords are shadowed (not actually in etc/passwd). Also make sure they aren't in a file called shadow, especically not in a file called etc/shadow.

Unix passwords are encrypted far better than Windows one's (to be fair, Windows 95 isn't designed for users), but can still be cracked through a program called jon.

Securing your website

Ftp Ftp is how you upload your web site, if somone finds out the password they can add/ delete anything. Brute forcing is the most common ftp attack, where a program guesses every possible combination (or from a list of words). An eight letter alpha-numeric word is almost impossible to crack, as the process is slow.

The real problem is with server side scripting. Pages other than plain html (ie. pages that perform commands on the host) are a security risk. The main problems are scripts that write to pages (guestbooks etc.). If when the guestbok is viewed it has a .shtml extension, then it can execute commands. Eg. a malicious visitor could place the following shtml command in a messege

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2008-02-19T06:24:06Z

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